KHAWV KOOB TXUJ CI, BRASS THIAB COPPER
Raws li lub valve industrial, qee zaum peb yuav siv cov khoom siv tooj daj / tooj daj los ua lub valve, thiab cov tooj daj, tooj daj thiab tooj liab, tsis li hu ua "Cov Hlau Liab", tej zaum yuav zoo li qub thaum pib tab sis txawv heev.
Tooj ci
Bronze yog ib qho txhuas uas muaj feem ntau yog tooj liab nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lwm yam. Feem ntau cov khoom xyaw ntxiv feem ntau yog tin, tab sis arsenic, phosphorus, aluminium, manganese, thiab silicon kuj tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom sib txawv hauv cov khoom siv. Tag nrho cov khoom xyaw no tsim cov alloy ntau dua li tooj liab ib leeg.
Bronze yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov xim kub npub. Koj tseem tuaj yeem qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm tooj daj thiab tooj dag vim tias tooj dag yuav muaj qhov tsaus muag ntawm nws qhov chaw.
Daim ntaub ntawv Bronze
Bronze yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov duab puab, seev suab paj nruag thiab khoom plig, thiab hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam xws li bushings thiab bearings, qhov twg nws cov hlau tsawg ntawm cov hlau txhuam yog qhov zoo dua. Cov ntawv Bronze kuj muaj kev siv cov kev siv cia vim nws qhov ua haujlwm ntawm kev xeb.
Lwm Bronze Alloys
Phosphor Bronze (lossis Tin Bronze)
Cov alloy no feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus tin li ntawm 0.5% mus rau 1.0%, thiab phosphorous ntau ntawm 0.01% txog 0.35%. Cov alloys no tau txais kev pom zoo rau lawv lub zog, lub zog, qis coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam, siab qaug zog tsis kam, thiab cov nplua nplua nplua. Cov ntsiab lus tin nce qhov kev txhim kho corrosion thiab tensile lub zog, thaum lub ntsiab lus phosphorous tsub kom hnav tsis kam thiab txhav. Qee qhov siv kawg siv rau cov khoom no yuav yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub tog raj, txua ntoo, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion. 
Txhuas Bronze
Qhov no muaj aluminium ntsiab lus khwv tau li ntawm 6% - 12%, ib cov ntsiab lus hlau ntawm 6% (max), thiab cov ntsiab lus nickel ntawm 6% (max). Cov sib xyaw ua ke no muab lub zog ua kom muaj zog, ua ke nrog kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv corrosion thiab hnav. Cov khoom siv no feem ntau siv rau hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom nruab nqhoob marine, lub tes tsho ntsaws kab thiab cov twj tso kua mis lossis cov qub uas tswj cov kua tsis muaj zog. 
Silicon Bronze
Qhov no yog cov hlau uas tuaj yeem them ob qho tooj daj thiab tooj dag (liab silicon brasses thiab liab silicon bronzes). Lawv feem ntau muaj 20% zinc thiab 6% silicon. Cov xim tooj liab liab muaj qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab feem ntau siv rau lub pob valve. Cov tooj liab liab zoo heev tab sis nws muaj qis dua ntawm cov zinc. Feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom siv twj tso kua mis thiab cov valve.
Nickel tooj dag (lossis Nickel Nyiaj)
Qhov no yog cov hlau nplaum uas muaj tooj liab, nickel thiab zinc. Npib tsib xee muab cov khoom siv uas yuav luag zoo nkauj nyiaj. Cov khoom no muaj ntsis zog thiab zoo corrosion kuj. Cov khoom siv no ib txwm siv los ua cov twj paj nruag, khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus, cov cuab yeej siv kho qhov muag, thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas loog yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tooj liab npib tsib xee (lossis Cupronickel)
Qhov no yog cov xim uas tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm 2% mus rau 30% npib tsib xee. Cov khoom no muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev-corrosion thiab muaj thermal stability. Cov khoom no tseem ua rau pom zoo siab thiab siab kawg rau kev xeb ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab oxidation hauv chav sov lossis huab cua noo. Cov ntsiab lus siab dua cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom siv no yuav muaj kev txhim kho corrosion nyob hauv dej hiav txwv, thiab kev tawm tsam mus rau marine fouling. Cov khoom siv no ib txwm siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv tubrog nkoj, qhov dej, lub twj thiab lub nkoj nkoj.
Tooj dag
Lub tooj dag yog feem ntau yog cov hlau uas muaj tooj liab nrog zinc ntxiv. Cov kab nrib daj tuaj yeem muaj cov sib txawv ntawm cov zinc lossis lwm yam ntsiab lus ntxiv. Cov khoom sib txawv no ua rau muaj ntau yam ntxwv thiab qhov txawv ntawm cov xim. Kev nce siab ntawm cov zinc muab cov khoom siv nrog kev txhim kho lub zog thiab ductility. Cov tooj daj tuaj yeem ua kom muaj xim sib txawv los ntawm xim liab mus rau xim daj nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm zinc ntxiv rau qhov ntau.
Yog tias cov zinc cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tooj daj li ntawm 32% mus rau 39%, nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm kub ntxiv tab sis tus ua haujlwm txias yuav tsawg.
Yog tias cov tooj dag muaj tshaj 39% zinc (piv txwv - Muntz Hlau), nws yuav muaj lub zog dua thiab qis dua kev ua haujlwm (hauv chav sov).
Ntawv Thov tooj daj
Cov tooj dag feem ntau yog siv los ua kom zoo nkauj feem ntau vim tias nws cov zoo li kub. Nws kuj tseem yog siv los ua cov twj paj nruag vim nws txoj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ua tau ntev.
Lwm Yam Tooj Hlau Alloys
Tooj daj
Qhov no yog cov hlau nplaum uas muaj tooj liab, zinc thiab tin. No pawg pawg yuav suav nrog admiralty tooj dag, naval tooj dag thiab dawb machining tooj dag. Cov hmoov av tau ntxiv rau inhibit dezincification (leaching ntawm zinc ntawm tooj dag alloys) hauv ntau qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Pab pawg no muaj qhov tsis hnov qab zoo rau dezincification, muaj zog nruab nrab, siab atmospheric thiab aqueous corrosion tsis kam thiab hluav taws xob zoo hluav taws xob. Lawv muaj qhov ua tau zoo kub tiv thaiv thiab ua kom txias txias. Cov alloys no feem ntau yog siv los ua cov fasteners, kho vajtse marine, cov ntsia hlau tshuab qhov chaw, cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov khoom lag luam tiv thaiv corrosion.
Tooj liab
Tooj liab tau siv ntau hauv cov khoom vim nws zoo hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, lub zog zoo, ua kom zoo thiab tiv taus corrosion. Cov yeeb nkab thiab cov yeeb nkab fittings feem ntau tsim tawm los ntawm cov hlau vim lawv tsis kam ua haujlwm. Lawv tuaj yeem nkag tau yooj yim thiab ua kom khov, thiab ntau yam tuaj yeem siv los ntawm ntau cov roj, arc thiab cov qauv tiv thaiv. Lawv tuaj yeem ua polished thiab buffed rau yuav luag txhua qhov kev xav tau thiab cov luster.
Muaj qib ntawm cov tsis muaj hlau txhuas, thiab lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov nqi tsis txaus uas muaj. Oxygen-tsis pub muaj tooj liab yog siv tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau coj zoo thiab ductility.
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tooj liab yog nws lub peev xwm los tua cov kab mob. Tom qab soj ntsuam tshuaj tua kab mob ntau heev los ntawm Environmental Protection Agency, pom tau tias 355 tus tooj liab, suav nrog ntau cov brasses, tau tua ntau dua 99.9% ntawm cov kab mob nyob hauv ob teev ntawm kev sib cuag. Tarnishing ib txwm pom tsis ua tsis taus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm antimicrobial.
Tooj Siv Tooj Liab
Tooj liab yog ib qho ntawm qhov pom cov hlau thaum ntxov. Cov neeg Greek thiab Loos tau ua nws rau hauv cov cuab yeej lossis cov chaw dai khoom, thiab tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm qhia txog kev thov tooj liab los ua kom lub qhov txhab tsis huv thiab lim dej haus. Niaj hnub no nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li cov xov hlau vim nws lub peev xwm los ntsuas hluav taws xob tau zoo.
